A Perfect Planet. 一个完美的星球.
All life in the oceans depends on the continuous movement of water. 海洋中的所有生命都依赖于水的持续运动.
There are not five separate oceans on Earth 地球上没有五个独立的海洋
but just one 但只有一个
whose parts are linked by powerful,unceasing currents. 它们的各个部分被强大的、不停的水流连接在一起.
Every drop of seawater on Earth rides these currents, 地球上的每一滴海水都在这些洋流中流动,
taking a thousand years to complete a single circuit. 完成一个电路需要一千年.
And where there are currents 哪里有水流
there is life. 有生命.
Off the coast of South Africa, 在南非沿海,
dolphins are on the hunt. 海豚正在捕猎.
They have found a cold-water current 他们发现了一股冷水流
and are now travelling along it looking for food. 现在正沿着它寻找食物.
Gannets follow them. 塘鹅跟着它们.
They know that doing so is the fastest way to a meal. 他们知道这样做是吃饭最快的方式.
A shoal of mackerel 鲭鱼群
just what the dolphins have been looking for. 这正是海豚一直在寻找的.
They encircle the fish,driving them into a bait ball, 他们把鱼围起来,把它们逼成一个鱼饵球,
and then trap them against the surface 然后把它们困在水面上
to prevent them from escaping to deeper water. 以防止它们逃到更深的水里.
Now,the fish are within range of the dive-bombing gannets, 现在,这些鱼在俯冲轰炸塘鹅的范围内,
who hit the water at 50mph. 以每小时50英里的速度下水.
A sudden gathering of thousands of predators brought together 成千上万的食肉动物突然聚集在一起
by the flow of currents. 通过水流.
Last to the feast are sharks. 最后一个参加宴会的是鲨鱼.
In these vast,open waters, 在这辽阔开阔的水域里,
finding food would be all but impossible without currents 没有水流,几乎找不到食物
the highways of the seas that bring this life together. 大海的公路把生命连接在一起.
When the bait ball has been dispersed, 当饵球散开后,
all that is left are scales drifting downwards. 剩下的只是向下漂移的鳞片.
They are part of a slow,never-ending blizzard 它们是一场缓慢的、永无止境的暴风雪的一部分
of organic waste that eventually settles on the sea floor. 最终沉积在海底的有机废物.
But it doesn't stay here forever. 但它不会永远留在这里.
The currents sweep it back up into the sunlit surface waters 洋流把它卷回阳光普照的水面
where it nourishes clouds of phytoplankton 它滋养着浮游植物的云层
simple microscopic plants that are the pastures of the seas. 海洋牧场的简单的微型植物.
There are thousands of different kinds, 有成千上万种不同的种类,
and together they produce half of all the oxygen in the atmosphere 它们一起产生了大气中一半的氧气
more than all our forests and jungles combined. 比我们所有的森林和丛林加起来还要多.
And,by absorbing carbon, 通过吸收碳,
they are our greatest ally in combating climate change. 他们是我们应对气候变化的最大盟友.
Plankton are the foundation of almost all life in the ocean, 浮游生物是海洋中几乎所有生命的基础,
for,in those places where the currents bring nutrients 因为,在那些水流带来营养的地方
to the surface,they multiply in astonishing numbers 从表面上看,它们的数量惊人地成倍增加
turning the ocean green. 使海洋变绿.
The currents travelling through our oceans bring life to seas 流经我们海洋的洋流给海洋带来了生命
that would otherwise be marine deserts. 否则就是海洋沙漠.
The Galapagos Islands lie in the path of one of them, 加拉帕戈斯群岛位于其中一个岛屿的路径上,
the deep-flowing Cromwell Current 深流的克伦威尔洋流
that runs for 6,000 miles across the Pacific. 横跨太平洋6000英里.
As it approaches Fernandina Island, 当它接近费尔南迪纳岛时,
it rises and delivers nutrients into its shallows. 它上升并把营养物质输送到浅滩.
And it also brings life to this otherwise barren island. 它也给这个原本贫瘠的岛屿带来了生机.
Iguanas. 鬣蜥.
There are thousands of them. 有成千上万的.
And yet there's nothing on the island for these vegetarians to eat. 但岛上却没有素食者可以吃的东西.
Or 或者
almost nothing. 几乎什么都没有.
Cormorants bring seaweed ashore with which to make their nests. 鸬鹚把海藻带到岸上筑巢.
But what is building material for a cormorant 但是鸬鹚的建筑材料是什么
is food for an iguana. 是鬣蜥的食物.
Both these species evolved here, 这两个物种都在这里进化,
but that doesn't necessarily make them good neighbours. 但这并不一定能让他们成为好邻居.
No matter. 没关系.
He knows where there's more elsewhere. 他知道其他地方还有更多.
He's a marine iguana 他是一只海洋鬣蜥
the only lizard in the world 世界上唯一的蜥蜴
that gets its food from the sea. 它的食物来自大海.
The seaweed on which he totally relies 他完全依赖的海藻
only grows in abundance here 只在这里大量生长
because of the nutrients brought by the Cromwell Current. 因为克伦威尔洋流带来的营养.
Once in the water,he has just 30 minutes to find food. 一旦下水,他只有30分钟的时间去寻找食物.
Any longer than that, 再长一点,
and his muscles will seize up and he'll drown 他的肌肉会收缩,他会淹死
for,like most reptiles,he can't handle the cold. 因为,像大多数爬行动物一样,他不能忍受寒冷.
Chilly water isn't a problem for a warm-blooded cormorant. 冷水对温血鸬鹚来说不是问题.
She can swim in it all day, 她可以整天在里面游泳,
but can only hold her breath for a few minutes. 但她只能屏住呼吸几分钟.
He,on the other hand, 另一方面,他,
completes his whole half-hour trip 完成了他半小时的旅行
on one single breath. 一次呼吸.
His flat face and sharp teeth 他扁平的脸和锋利的牙齿
make him an efficient seaweed-cropping machine, 让他成为一台高效的海藻修剪机,
but with the clock ticking,he must eat fast. 但随着时间的推移,他必须吃得快.
The cormorant,having caught its fish 鸬鹚捕到鱼后
goes back to the surface. 回到表面.
One last mouthful, 最后一口,
and it's also time for the iguana to head for home. 现在也是鬣蜥回家的时候了.
But to stop his muscles from seizing up in the cold water, 但是为了防止他的肌肉在冷水中收缩,
he must get back quickly. 他必须快点回来.
So he could do without the attentions 所以他可以不受关注
of an inquisitive sea lion. 一只好奇的海狮.
Dry land is now just 30 metres away, 旱地现在只有30米远,
but the biggest hurdle is still to come. 但最大的障碍还在后面.
The surging water now fights against him. 汹涌澎湃的河水正在与他搏斗.
He's out,but he's stayed in the cold so long 他出去了,但他在寒冷中呆了这么久
that he's lost his strength. 他失去了力量.
And he's made it. 他成功了.
Few reptiles on the planet have to work harder for a meal 地球上很少有爬行动物为了一顿饭不得不更努力地工作
than he does. 比他做的还要多.
And,tomorrow,he'll have to do it all over again 而且,明天,他还得从头再来
unless next time 除非下次
he can outwit his neighbour. 他能胜过他的邻居.
Over 100,000 marine iguanas live on Fernandina 费尔南迪纳岛上生活着10万多只海洋鬣蜥
and each owes its existence to the Cromwell Current 它们的存在都要归功于克伦威尔洋流
that brings nutrients to these shores. 把营养带到这些海岸.
But there is another,much bigger,current 但还有一个更大的潮流
which carries water from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean. 它把水从太平洋输送到印度洋.
On this great journey,it travels through the islands of Indonesia, 在这段伟大的旅程中,它穿越印度尼西亚的岛屿,
bringing together life from both oceans. 把两大洋的生命聚集在一起.
A third of all the world's reef fish live here. 世界上三分之一的礁鱼生活在这里.
Some call it the Coral Triangle, 有人称之为珊瑚三角,
the most diverse marine region on Earth. 地球上最多样化的海洋区域.
The variety here is dazzling,not just of coral, 这里的种类令人眼花缭乱,不仅仅是珊瑚,
but of animals of all kinds. 但是各种各样的动物.
Few are stranger than the flamboyant cuttlefish. 没有什么比艳丽的乌贼更奇怪的了.
This is a male,just five centimetres long. 这是一只雄性,只有5厘米长.
Swimming against the current isn't easy when you're small, 你小的时候逆流游泳不容易,
so,instead,he prefers to walk 所以,相反,他更喜欢走路
very,very slowly. 非常,非常慢.
He's a master of camouflage. 他是伪装高手.
But,right now,he wants to be noticed. 但是,现在,他想引起注意.
He's looking for a mate. 他在找伴侣.
His potential partner is a giant,by comparison, 相比之下,他的潜在搭档是个巨人,
four times his size. 四倍于他的身材.
When it comes to courtship, 说到求爱,
being flamboyant isn't enough. 仅仅炫耀是不够的.
To win her over,he must dazzle. 为了赢得她的芳心,他必须让她眼花缭乱.
His aim is to deposit a packet of sperm 他的目的是存一包精子
inside her mouth. 在她嘴里.
Close 关闭
but no cigar. 但没有雪茄.
He'll have to turn up the dazzle. 他得把眼花缭乱的声音调大些.
Take two. 拿两个.
Bingo! 答对 了！
His job is done. 他的工作完成了.
Now she must find somewhere to lay their eggs. 现在她必须找个地方产卵.
An old shell will do nicely 一个旧贝壳很好用
if she can slip past the present occupant. 如果她能从现在的主人身边溜走.
She fastens her eggs to the underside of the shell, 她把蛋固定在蛋壳下面,
where they'll be safe from predators. 在那里它们可以安全地躲避捕食者.
The current that brings so much life to the Coral Triangle 给珊瑚三角洲带来如此多生命的水流
now washes the eggs with clean,oxygenated water. 现在用干净的含氧水清洗鸡蛋.
After just three weeks,they start to hatch. 三周后,它们开始孵化.
Smaller than a human fingernail, 比人的指甲还小,
the hatchlings are now carried by the current 幼仔现在被水流带走了
to other parts of the reef. 珊瑚礁的其他部分.
And,in just a few months, 再过几个月,
this young male will be ready to find a female of his own. 这只年轻的雄性会准备好自己找一只雌性的.
By a stroke of cosmic good fortune, 借着宇宙的好运,
the Earth has a satellite 地球有一颗卫星
the moon,which orbits our planet every 27 days. 每隔27天环绕地球运行的月球.
Its gravitational pull drags our oceans across the planet 它的引力把我们的海洋拖过地球
and so gives us the tides. 所以给了我们潮汐.
Unlike currents that stir the open ocean, 不像洋流搅动大洋,
the tides have their greatest impact on the coasts, 潮汐对海岸的影响最大,
flushing them with nutrients from both sea and land. 用来自海洋和陆地的营养物冲洗它们.
And nowhere are they more violent and dramatic than here 没有什么地方比这里更暴力更戏剧化了
Norway's Saltstraumen strait. 挪威的Saltstraumen海峡.
Every six hours, 每六小时,
nearly half a billion tonnes of water 将近5亿吨水
are forced through a channel just 150 metres wide. 被迫穿过一条只有150米宽的水道.
Its very narrowness accelerates the water 它的狭窄使水流加速
making this the strongest tidal pull in the world. 使之成为世界上最强的潮汐力.
Most animals caught here would be swept away. 在这里捕获的大多数动物都会被卷走.
But not these tidal specialists. 但不是这些潮汐专家.
Eiders are one of the few ducks 羽绒服是为数不多的鸭子之一
that depend totally on the ocean for their survival. 它们的生存完全依赖海洋.
And they're the only kind strong enough 他们是唯一足够强壮的人
to live permanently in these racing waters. 永远生活在这些激流中.
But there is food here,and in great quantity, 但是这里有很多食物,
for any that can gather it 任何能收集到它的人
mussels. 贻贝.
They filter out particles of food brought to them by the tide. 它们过滤掉潮水带给它们的食物颗粒.
And eider ducks love mussels. 鸭绒鸭喜欢贻贝.
The challenge is reaching them. 他们面临着挑战.
Eiders seem to be the only creatures 羽绒似乎是唯一的生物
that can hold their own in the fast-flowing water 它们能在湍急的水流中自持
so they have the mussels all to themselves. 所以他们只有贻贝.
They swallow them whole,shell and all. 它们把它们整个吞下,全部吞下.
Each eider duck eats hundreds of mussels a day 每只鸭绒鸭每天吃几百个贻贝
a year-round feast that no others can reach. 一年四季的盛宴,其他人无法企及.
The tides here owe their power 这里的潮汐有它们的力量
to the unique geography of the coastline. 独特的海岸线地理.
But,elsewhere in our oceans, 但是,在我们海洋的其他地方,
the lay of the land influences tides in a very different way. 陆地的地形以一种完全不同的方式影响潮汐.
Here in the Bahamas, 在巴哈马,
wide,shallow sandbanks mean the tide moves gently 宽而浅的沙洲意味着潮汐缓慢地移动
over the sea floor 在海底
turning what would be a sandy desert 变成了沙漠
into a rich underwater habitat. 进入一个丰富的水下栖息地.
This is the home of garden eels and razorfish. 这是花园鳗鱼和剃须刀鱼的家.
And fresh food arrives for them from deeper waters twice a day. 新鲜的食物一天两次从深水中运来.
Life seems unhurried and gentle 生活似乎从容而温柔
but there is trouble in paradise. 但天堂里有麻烦.
These bottlenose dolphins eat razorfish, 这些宽吻海豚吃剃须鱼,
and they're not so easily fooled by vanishing tricks. 他们也不容易被消失的把戏愚弄.
They scan the sand with echolocating clicks 他们用回声定位法扫描沙子
to discover exactly where the razorfish are hiding. 去发现剃须鱼的藏身之处.
But knowing where they are is not the same as catching them. 但知道它们在哪里并不等于抓住它们.
The more the dolphins dig, 海豚挖得越多,
the deeper the razorfish burrow. 剃须鱼的洞穴越深.
But it's clearly not deep enough. 但显然不够深.
Blowing jets of water into the sand 把水柱吹进沙子里
exposes even the most hard-to-reach razorfish. 即使是最难接触到的剃须鱼也会暴露出来.
Before long,the dolphins have had enough and they move on. 不久,海豚已经受够了,他们继续前进.
It looks as if they have picked the sand clean 看起来他们好像把沙子拣干净了
but here,at least, 但至少在这里,
there really are plenty more fish in the sea. 海里真的还有很多鱼.
Closer to the land,the same tides bring nourishment 离陆地越近,同样的潮汐也会带来营养
to one of the most threatened of coastal habitats 最受威胁的海岸栖息地之一
mangrove forests. 红树林.
Part land 部分土地
part sea. 半海.
Mangroves are the only trees 红树林是唯一的树木
capable of surviving in salt water 能够在盐水中生存
and are specially adapted to it coming and going twice every day. 并且特别适应每天来来往往两次.
As sea water floods in,fish come with it. 海水泛滥时,鱼也随之而来.
Here in the flooded forests, 在被洪水淹没的森林里,
they can find both food and shelter. 他们能找到食物和住所.
Stingrays ride on the incoming tide. 黄貂鱼乘风破浪.
Other commuters follow. 其他通勤者也跟着.
Young lemon sharks,still far from full-grown, 年轻的柠檬鲨,还远未发育成熟,
are looking for food. 他们在找食物.
When the tide is at its highest, 当潮水涨到最高点时,
even adult lemon sharks 甚至成年柠檬鲨
can get into the mangroves. 可以进入红树林.
A three-metre female moves cautiously into the shallows. 一只三米长的雌鲸小心翼翼地进入浅滩.
She can't stay here for long, 她不能在这里呆太久,
but,then,she hasn't come here to hunt. 但是,她不是来打猎的.
She's come to give birth 她是来生孩子的
returning to the very place where she was born. 回到她出生的地方.
She has nourished the pups inside her body 她在体内喂养幼崽
with a placenta,as we do. 有胎盘,就像我们一样.
The mangroves provide an ideal nursery for them, 红树林为它们提供了理想的苗圃,
and placing them here gives them an excellent start, 把它们放在这里会给它们一个很好的开始,
but that is the end of her parental care. 但那是她父母照顾的结束.
She has to return to deeper water before the tide goes out. 她必须在退潮前回到深水区.
Her young must now fend for themselves. 她的孩子现在必须自食其力了.
The pups instinctively take refuge among the roots of the mangroves. 幼崽本能地躲在红树林的根部.
They're so small,they can swim deep 它们很小,可以游得很深
into this tangled labyrinth. 进入这个错综复杂的迷宫.
With the tide fast receding, 随着潮水退去,
even they need to find a place 甚至他们也需要找个地方
where they won't be left high and dry. 在那里他们不会被留在高处和干燥.
A place like this 像这样的地方
a permanent pool in the heart of the mangrove forest. 红树林中心的永久性游泳池.
Only the smallest sharks can get here, 只有最小的鲨鱼才能到这里,
and only at the highest tides. 只有在最高潮的时候.
The pups will spend the next two years here 小狗们将在这里度过接下来的两年
perfecting the skills that make them one of the ocean's top hunters. 完善的技能,使他们成为海洋的顶级猎人之一.
And it seems 看来
that there's a lot to learn. 有很多东西要学.
Got one! 找到一个！
All life at the coasts has to move to the daily rhythm of the tides, 海岸上的所有生物都必须适应每天的潮汐节奏,
but tides are not the same throughout the year. 但是一年四季的潮汐不一样.
Every month,when our planet,the moon and the sun are all aligned, 每个月,当我们的星球,月亮和太阳都在一条直线上,
the increased gravitational pull 增加的引力
produces particularly high tides. 产生特别高的潮水.
And this triggers a truly extraordinary event 这引发了一个非常不寻常的事件
on one particular reef in the central Pacific. 在太平洋中部的一个特殊的礁石上.
Thousands of resident surgeonfish 成千上万的居民
begin to assemble on these high tides. 在涨潮时开始集结.
And they are being followed by one of the largest fish in the sea 紧随其后的是海里最大的鱼之一
manta rays. 蝠鲼.
The rays spend their year moving between coral islands. 鳐鱼每年都在珊瑚岛之间移动.
But it's only now,when the tide is at its highest 但只有现在,当潮水达到最高点的时候
and the surgeonfish have gathered,that they appear 它们聚集起来,出现了
on this particular reef. 在这个特殊的礁石上.
Their timing is so perfect 他们的时机太完美了
that they rarely have to wait more than an hour 他们很少要等超过一个小时
for the event to begin. 为了活动的开始.
At the precise moment when the tide is at its highest, 在潮水最高的时候,
the surgeonfish begin to spawn. 鱼开始产卵.
They release billions of eggs and sperm into the water. 它们向水中释放数十亿个卵子和精子.
Breeding in this way gives their fertilised eggs 以这种方式繁殖会产生受精卵
the best chance of being carried on the tide 最有可能被带上潮水
away from predators that haunt the reef. 远离暗礁上的掠食者.
All except one. 除了一个.
The mantas move in. 螳螂进来了.
They gorge on the eggs, 他们狼吞虎咽地吃鸡蛋,
filtering them out using specially adapted gills. 用特别适应的鳃把它们过滤掉.
If the mantas had arrived just an hour later, 如果螳螂一小时后就到了,
there would have been nothing here for them to eat. 这里就没有东西给他们吃了.
No-one knows how the mantas are so perfectly in tune 没人知道螳螂是怎么这么合拍的
with the rhythm of the tides. 随着潮汐的节奏.
But they appear without fail whenever the surgeonfish spawn. 但它们每次产卵都会出现.
Most of the eggs,however, 然而,大多数鸡蛋,
are carried out into the open ocean 被带到公海中
before the mantas are able to eat them all. 在螳螂把它们都吃掉之前.
The rhythms of coastal life are influenced by another ocean force. 海岸生物的节律受到另一种海洋力量的影响.
Winds blowing over the sea so batter the surface 风在海面上吹过,使海面倾斜
that it begins to rise and fall. 它开始上升和下降.
These swells may travel far 这些涌浪可能会传播很远
and reach the shores of even the most sheltered bays. 甚至可以到达最隐蔽的海湾.
As they approach shallower water, 当它们接近浅水时,
they turn into waves. 它们会变成波浪.
A shoal of hardyheads, 一群硬汉,
close to the beach of Australia's Lizard Island. 靠近澳大利亚蜥蜴岛的海滩.
The clearness of these glassy waters shows that they lack nutrients. 这些清澈的水表明它们缺乏营养.
But the gentle waves expose food hidden in the sand, 但是温柔的海浪暴露了藏在沙子里的食物,
and that's what the hardyheads are looking for. 这就是硬汉们要找的.
But they must beware. 但他们必须小心.
Packs of trevally are on the hunt. 成群的树袋鼠正在捕猎.
The hardyheads stick together. 硬汉们团结在一起.
There's safety in numbers. 人多安全.
But they're vulnerable,nonetheless. 但他们还是很脆弱的.
They're so small,they can swim in the shallowest waters 它们很小,可以在最浅的水里游泳
even in the body of the waves themselves, 即使是在波浪本身,
out of the reach of their enemies. 在敌人够不着的地方.
But trevally aren't their only concern. 但Trevaly并不是他们唯一关心的问题.
Blacktip reef sharks. 黑尖礁鲨.
They are bigger and more powerful than trevally 他们比特雷瓦利更大更强大
but not as fast or as agile. 但没有那么快或敏捷.
The hardyheads are well aware of them, 硬汉们很清楚,
but,so long as they stay just out of reach, 但是,只要它们离我们远一点,
they have little to fear. 他们没有什么可害怕的.
But now the sharks and the trevally join forces. 但现在鲨鱼和树丛联合起来了.
Together,they enter the shallows, 他们一起进入浅滩,
each looking for a chance to attack. 每个人都在寻找进攻的机会.
The trevally make the first move 树人先走一步
and the hardyheads take refuge again in the waves. 硬汉们又在波浪中避难.
And this is what the sharks have been waiting for. 这就是鲨鱼一直在等待的.
Surging forwards,they chase the hardyheads out of the water 他们向前冲,把硬汉赶出水面
beaching themselves in a daring bid to hoover up their prey. 他们在海滩上冒险,想把猎物抓起来.
The hardyheads that escape the sharks 逃离鲨鱼的硬汉
swim back out to deeper water 游回深水区
but into the mouths of the trevally. 但是进入了树谷的嘴里.
Now the receding waves help to pull the sharks back 现在退去的海浪帮助把鲨鱼拉回来
into deeper water. 进入更深的水域.
In the chaos,the sea birds get their chance. 在混乱中,海鸟得到了机会.
It's a feeding frenzy 这是一种喂食狂潮
in only ten centimetres of water. 只有10厘米深的水.
The power of waves is dramatically evident 波浪的力量显而易见
when they crash onto our shores. 当他们撞上我们的海岸.
But the biggest of all start far away from land,out at sea. 但最大的一个开始远离陆地,在海上.
Great storms blowing over the surface of the ocean 刮过海面的大风暴
raise towering walls of water. 高耸的水墙.
Such giant swells can travel for thousands of miles. 这样的巨浪可以传播数千英里.
As they approach land, 当他们接近陆地时,
the shallowing sea floor begins to drag on their undersides, 逐渐变浅的海底开始拖累它们的下侧,
and they topple forward 他们向前倾倒
and break. 然后休息.
This stirring of the ocean produces great riches. 海洋的搅动产生了巨大的财富.
The Falkland Islands are surrounded 福克兰群岛被包围
by some of the stormiest waters on Earth 在地球上最狂风暴雨的地方
ideal hunting grounds for rockhopper penguins. 是企鹅的理想猎场.
It's the breeding season 现在是繁殖季节
and,for the last two weeks, 在过去的两周里,
the males have been incubating the eggs by themselves. 雄性一直在自己孵卵.
They're confined to the nest with nothing to eat, 它们被关在巢穴里,没有东西吃,
while the females are out at sea collecting food. 当雌鲸在海上采集食物的时候.
All across the colony,eggs are starting to hatch. 整个殖民地的卵都开始孵化了.
This male now has two youngsters to care for. 这只雄性现在有两个孩子要照顾.
But he has no food to give them,and he can't leave them unprotected. 但是他没有食物给他们,他不能让他们没有保护.
He can do nothing but wait. 他只能等待.
The females,after weeks fishing in the stormy seas, 雌鱼在狂风暴雨的海面上捕鱼数周后,
are now heading for home with food in their crops. 他们现在带着粮食回家.
There's just one problem. 只有一个问题.
The colony sits at the top of huge cliffs. 这个殖民地坐落在巨大的悬崖顶上.
The waves that make feeding so good here 海浪让这里的食物变得如此美味
have now become major obstacles. 现在已经成为主要障碍.
Timing is vital. 时机至关重要.
Go too early 走得太早了
and they could be smashed against the rocks. 它们可能会撞到岩石上.
Too late 太晚了
and they will be carried back out to sea. 他们将被带回大海.
Hooked claws now help to get purchase 钩爪现在有助于获得购买
on the slippery rocks. 在光滑的岩石上.
But they're not out of trouble yet. 但他们还没有摆脱困境.
Success depends on both judgment 成功取决于双方的判断
and luck. 还有运气.
Time and again,the waves drag her back in. 一次又一次,海浪把她拖了回来.
She has to persevere. 她必须坚持下去.
The lives of her chicks depend on her safe return. 她的孩子们的生命取决于她的安全归来.
Finally 最后
she's made it. 她成功了.
They're not called rockhoppers for nothing. 他们不是白叫跳蚤.
With one more jump,she's home. 再跳一跳,她就到家了.
And just in time. 而且及时.
Her chicks are desperately hungry. 她的小鸡饿得要命.
This is their first proper meal. 这是他们第一顿正餐.
The oceans have sustained life on our planet for millions of years. 海洋使地球上的生命维持了数百万年.
But,today,there's growing evidence that this is changing. 但是,今天,越来越多的证据表明这种情况正在改变.
As our climate warms, 随着气候变暖,
polar ice sheets are melting at an alarming rate. 极地冰原正在以惊人的速度融化.
In the Arctic alone,14,000 tonnes of fresh water 仅在北极地区,就有14000吨淡水
are emptying into the sea every second. 每一秒都会流入大海.
This is slowing the flow of currents around the globe. 这减缓了全球洋流的流动.
And,if the atmosphere continues to warm, 如果大气继续变暖,
ocean circulation could eventually stop altogether. 海洋环流最终可能完全停止.
Our seas would then stagnate, 我们的海洋就会停滞,
threatening the life within them. 威胁他们的生命.
And there are places in the oceans today 今天的海洋里有很多地方
where this is already beginning to happen. 这已经开始发生了.
The Gulf of Thailand. 泰国湾.
Eden's whales have lived here for generations. 伊甸园的鲸鱼世代生活在这里.
But the world around them is changing. 但是他们周围的世界正在改变.
Today,agricultural pollution flowing from the land 今天,农业污染从土地上流出
is beginning to suffocate this sea. 开始窒息这片海洋.
Many fish now stay closer to the surface, 许多鱼现在离水面更近,
where the waters still contain enough oxygen to survive. 那里的水仍然含有足够的氧气来生存.
Eden's whales depend on these fish. 伊甸园的鲸鱼靠这些鱼为生.
They swallow huge quantities of water 它们吞下大量的水
before filtering out their prey. 在过滤掉猎物之前.
It takes a lot of energy to drive their 15-tonne bulk 它需要大量的能源来驱动他们15吨的散装汽车
through the water. 穿过水.
And,with so few fish, 而且,鱼太少了,
the rewards from feeding like this are barely worth it. 像这样喂食的回报几乎不值.
So,to survive here, 所以,为了在这里生存,
the whales have developed a new hunting technique 鲸鱼已经发展出一种新的捕猎技术
one that requires almost no effort. 几乎不需要努力的人.
They simply open their mouths 他们只是张开嘴
and wait. 等等.
The panicked fish jump right in. 惊慌失措的鱼跳了进来.
Swimming alongside, 在旁边游泳,
another whale scares even more into the open jaws. 另一头鲸鱼更害怕地伸进张开的下巴.
With this ingenious new technique, 用这种巧妙的新技术,
Eden's whales have found a way to survive the pressures 伊甸园的鲸鱼找到了一种在压力下生存的方法
they now face. 他们现在要面对.
All across the planet,animals are having to adapt 地球上所有的动物都必须适应
to a changing world. 为了一个不断变化的世界.
But the speed of these changes will be too fast for many. 但这些变化的速度对许多人来说太快了.
If we could only halt our unrestrained plunder of the ocean, 如果我们能停止对海洋的肆无忌惮的掠夺,
its habitats and species would recover. 它的栖息地和物种将会恢复.
And,at a time when our overexploited lands 在我们过度开发土地的时候
are already failing us, 已经让我们失望了,
this has never been more important for humanity. 这对人类来说是前所未有的重要.
The volcanic island of Fernandina in the Galapagos 加拉帕戈斯的费尔南迪纳火山岛
is home to two incredible lizards 是两个不可思议的蜥蜴的家
the land iguana and the marine iguana. 陆地鬣蜥和海洋鬣蜥.
There are two parts to their story 他们的故事有两部分
that cameraman,Richard Wollocombe,has wanted to film 那个摄影师,理查德·沃洛孔贝,想拍一部电影
since he first came to these islands 25 years ago, 自从他25年前第一次来到这些岛屿,
and,on A Perfect Planet,he got his chance. 在一个完美的星球上,他得到了机会.
Driven by powerful currents, 在强大的水流驱动下,
the cold Pacific Ocean slams into Fernandina's shores. 寒冷的太平洋猛烈撞击费尔南迪娜的海岸.
The marine iguanas must brave these waters every day. 海洋鬣蜥必须每天勇敢地面对这些水域.
Their journey through the big surf is what Richard and the team 他们的冲浪之旅是理查德和他的团队所期待的
are here to film 是来拍摄的
but from underwater. 但是在水下.
It looks fairly benign from the surface here, 从表面看是良性的,
but,underneath,it's really shallow, 但是,在下面,它真的很浅,
and there's all these really sharp rocks with lots of jagged edges. 这里有很多非常锋利的岩石,有很多锯齿状的边缘.
So if we were taken by the wave, 所以如果我们被海浪带走了,
it would cut us up really badly,I think. 我想这会让我们很伤心.
Whose idea was this? 这是谁的主意？
Ha-ha,ha-ha. 哈哈,哈哈.
I'm a glutton for punishment,did you know? 我是个贪吃惩罚的人,你知道吗？
The waves are certainly punishing. 海浪确实在惩罚人.
With these dangerous conditions, 在这种危险的情况下,
extra protection is clearly needed for Richard and dive buddy Rafael. 理查德和潜水伙伴拉斐尔显然需要额外的保护.
So what better than surf helmets? 那么还有什么比冲浪头盔更好呢？
It isn't long before Richard realises what he's up against. 不久,理查德就意识到自己面对的是什么.
The relentless churning of the water makes it difficult 水的无情搅动使它变得困难
to stay the right way up 保持正确的上升方向
let alone film the iguanas. 更不用说拍摄鬣蜥了.
In between the waves,the iguanas briefly appear. 在波浪之间,鬣蜥短暂出现.
But Richard barely has time to line up a shot 但Richard几乎没有时间排队射击
before the iguana disappears behind another wave. 在鬣蜥消失在另一个海浪后面之前.
In the violent surge, 在汹涌的浪潮中,
the iguanas have learned to hang on to the rocks 鬣蜥学会了抓住岩石
a trick Richard is quick to copy to avoid being swept away. 理查德很快就学会了一个技巧,以避免被扫地出门.
That,however,only leaves one hand to film with. 然而,这只留下一只手来拍摄.
But,with adrenaline carrying him through, 但是,随着肾上腺素的分泌,
Richard is able to get the perfect shots of iguanas in the surf. 理查德能在冲浪时拍到鬣蜥的完美照片.
And to achieve that totally unscathed is a great relief. 而要做到这一点完全毫发无损是一个很大的解脱.
I don't need to go to the gym for months after that! 在那之后的几个月里我不需要去健身房！
Well done,mate.Good job. 干得好,伙计.干得好.
On the shore,land iguanas have to battle a very different force. 在岸上,陆地鬣蜥必须与一支完全不同的部队作战.
Each year,they migrate up to the top of Fernandina's active volcano, 每年,它们都会迁徙到费尔南迪纳活火山的顶端,
a journey of ten days across razor-sharp lava 十天的旅程穿越锋利的熔岩
before descending into its heart to lay their eggs 在进入它的心脏产卵之前
in the ashy floor. 在灰蒙蒙的地板上.
It's this behaviour Richard and the team plan to film, 理查德和团队计划拍摄的就是这种行为,
and the scale of the expedition is one that's rarely been attempted 这次探险的规模是很少有人尝试过的
in the Galapagos. 在加拉帕戈斯.
To reach the top takes the crew ten gruelling hours. 到达顶峰需要船员们十个小时的艰苦工作.
When they finally arrive on the rim, 当他们最终到达边缘时,
the experience doesn't disappoint. 这次经历并不令人失望.
I can't believe it. 真不敢相信.
It's absolutely awe-inspiring. 绝对令人敬畏.
I just can't believe the iguanas actually manage 我真不敢相信鬣蜥真的做到了
to navigate down these slopes into the bowl of this volcano. 沿着这些斜坡航行到火山的碗里.
More people have been into space than to the bottom 更多的人已经进入太空而不是底部
of Fernandina's crater. 费尔南迪娜的陨石坑.
But that is exactly where Richard and the team must go 但这正是理查德和他的团队必须去的地方
if they are to film the nesting iguanas. 如果他们要拍摄筑巢的鬣蜥.
From their campsite at the edge of the volcano, 从他们在火山边缘的营地,
it's an extremely dangerous journey down to the crater floor, 这是一次极其危险的到达火山口底部的旅程,
and assistant producer Toby wants to be clear with everyone 助理制片人托比想跟大家说清楚
what is at stake. 关键是什么.
There's only one passable route down, 只有一条路可以通过,
and,as the team enter the lip of the volcano, 当队伍进入火山口时,
the sound of rock fall is all around. 到处都是落石的声音.
Regular earthquakes make the crater walls very unstable. 经常发生的地震使火山口壁非常不稳定.
Just keeps getting better. 只是越来越好.
Not far away,some iguanas are making their own descent, 不远处,一些鬣蜥正在自己下山,
disturbing the loose surface as they go. 在移动过程中干扰松散的表面.
If a creature only a sixth the size of a person 如果一个生物只有人的六分之一大
can start a deadly avalanche of razor-sharp rocks, 会引发一场致命的锋利岩石雪崩,
what can a whole film crew do? 整个摄制组能做什么？
It's clear the crew are going to have to be extremely cautious. 很明显,船员们必须非常谨慎.
On the steepest slopes,the equipment needs to be 在最陡的斜坡上,设备需要
lowered with ropes. 用绳子降下.
With rocks falling all around,the longer they're on the slopes, 到处都是石头,它们在斜坡上的时间越长,
the greater the risk of an accident. 事故的风险越大.
But,when one misstep can start an avalanche, 但是,如果一次失误就可能引发雪崩,
hurrying is impossible. 匆忙是不可能的.
Finally,the prize of the crater floor is in sight. 最后,陨石坑底的奖品就在眼前.
Look,just below there is where the iguanas are nesting. 看,就在下面是鬣蜥筑巢的地方.
We're very close to it now,about an hour's walk. 我们现在离它很近,步行大约一个小时.
All that lies between them is a stretch of loose lava 它们之间只有一片松散的熔岩
that has cascaded down the slopes after the last eruption. 上次喷发后从山坡上泻下来的.
We're actually in the crater now, 我们现在真的在陨石坑里,
surrounded by these vertical walls. 被这些垂直的墙包围着.
I just can't believe that we really made it down here. 我真不敢相信我们真的成功了.
Sometimes I doubted that,you know,we would actually make it. 有时候我怀疑,你知道,我们真的能成功.
And there they were,iguanas,using the warm volcanic ash 它们在那里,鬣蜥,利用温暖的火山灰
to incubate their eggs. 孵化它们的卵.
For Richard,after 25 years living in the Galapagos, 理查德在加拉帕戈斯生活了25年,
filming this unique behaviour is a lifelong dream come true. 拍摄这种独特的行为是一生的梦想成真.
My,God,what an incredible place this is! 天哪,这真是个不可思议的地方！
It's such a vivid feeling to be constantly challenged 不断受到挑战的感觉真好
by the forces of nature like that. 因为自然的力量.
But they have to do this every year in order to survive. 但为了生存,他们每年都要这么做.
I'll never forget,for as long as I live. 我永远不会忘记,只要我活着.
What an adventure! What an adventure! 多冒险啊！多冒险啊！
Next time 下次
a new force 新势力
humans. 人类.
Now so dominant 现在这么占优势
we're disrupting the forces of nature 我们正在破坏自然的力量
and the vital habitats life needs to survive. 生命需要生存的重要栖息地.
This is the most important story 这是最重要的故事
of our time. 我们的时代.
Whose future? Our future. 谁的未来？我们的未来.
The Open University has produced a free poster 开放大学制作了一张免费海报
exploring our perfect planet. 探索我们完美的星球.
To order,please call 如需订购,请致电
Or go to 或者去
and follow the links to the Open University. 并按照链接到开放大学.